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Lack Of Access To Contraception Persists In Nigeria, Study Finds
Nearly one-third of sexually active women ages 15 to 24 in Nigeria had an unmet need for modern contraception in 2003, according to a study from the Guttmacher Institute, BBC News reports. The study, which analyzed health data from Nigerian authorities and non-governmental organizations, found that 16% of pregnancies among women ages 15 to 24 in 2003 were unintended, compared with 10% in 1990. From 1990 to 2003, there was little change -- from 4% to 8% -- in use of modern contraceptives among young women who were sexually active. In addition, the proportion of sexually active young women who were aware of how to access family planning services decreased from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2003, the study found. The study also said that although the proportion of girls and young women with some secondary education increased from 34% in 1990 to 50% in 2003, Nigerian authorities have inadequately promoted sexual health information, including contraceptive information, to the country"s youth. The report noted that Nigeria"s population is increasing by 2.2% annually and will double every 32 years if that rate is maintained.Friday Okonofua, the co-author of the report, said, "We are failing Nigerian adolescents when it comes to providing them with the information and services they need to delay marriage and avoid unintended pregnancies." She added that the lack of information leaves girls and young women vulnerable to unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections like HIV (BBC News, 6/16).
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Crohn's Disease: Case Western Reserve Researchers Identify Links Between Inflammatory Disease Genes
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine identified a novel link between ITCH, a gene known to regulate inflammation in the body and NOD2, a gene which causes the majority of genetic Crohn"s Disease diagnoses. ITCH, when malfunctioning, causes widespread inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, gastritis, uncontrolled skin inflammation, and pulmonary pneumonitis. Derek Abbott, M.D., Ph.D., and his team of researchers found that ITCH also influences NOD2-induced inflammation. These findings, published in the August 11th issue of Current Biology, suggest a common pathophysiology exists between multiple inflammatory diseases. The unexpected finding of the interaction between these genes offers the possibility of a new drug target, which would be effective in treating Crohn"s disease - a chronic disorder causing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
News of the day
No Evidence That WHO-recommended Treatment For Insecticide Poisoning Improves Survival
A study published this week in the open access journal PLoS Medicine finds no evidence to suggest that a controversial antidote recommended by the
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Hypoglycemia Increases Mortality Risk, Lengthens Hospital Stay For Diabetes Patients -- Even Outside The ICU

Diabetes patients who are hospitalized for non-critical illnesses, and develop hypoglycemia while hospitalized, are likely to remain hospitalized longer and face greater risk of mortality both during and after hospitalization, according to a study published in the July issue of Diabetes Care. This retrospective cohort study of more than 4,300 admissions, by researchers at Boston"s Brigham and Women"s Hospital, was the first to examine mortality risks for hospitalized diabetes patients outside a critical care setting. Previous research found an association between hypoglycemia in ICU patients and an increased risk of morality, seizures and coma. However, the majority of hospitalized diabetes patients are treated on the general ward. This study found that each hospital day in which a person with diabetes had at least one episode of hypoglycemia was associated with an 85.3 percent increased risk of dying as an inpatient and a 65.8 percent increased risk of dying within one year of discharge. The odds of inpatient death also tripled for every 10 mg/dl decrease in the lowest blood glucose during hospitalization. And, a patient"s length of stay increased by 2.5 days for each day spent in the hospital with a hypoglycemia episode. As a result of these findings, the researchers recommend carefully monitoring people with diabetes admitted to the general ward of the hospital for hypoglycemia and suggest interpreting its appearance as "a warning sign of impending clinical deterioration." "It could serve as a useful indicator for the necessity of increased monitoring, more aggressive treatment of infections, transitioning to a more intensive care setting, and case management," the study concludes. Diabetes Care, published by the American Diabetes Association, is the leading peer-reviewed journal of clinical research into one of the nation"s leading causes of death by disease. Diabetes also is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke, as well as the leading cause of adult blindness, kidney failure, and non-traumatic amputations. The American Diabetes Association


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